Ingredients for Homemade Tofu
- Dried soybeans. We’ll use these to make homemade soy milk, which we will then transform into tofu. Use high-quality beans. Laura Brand Non-GMO Soybeans are my favorite.
- Water.
- Nigari. This is my preferred coagulant when making homemade tofu. It contains magnesium chloride, which reacts with the protein in the soy milk, causing the soy milk to curdle. I purchase crystallized nigari, but it can also be purchased in liquid form.
What is Nigari?
Also known as “bittern,” nigari (にがり) is a byproduct of the salt-making process which contains magnesium chloride and other minerals. The name comes from the Japanse word “nigai,” meaning “bitter.” It has a bitter taste which brings out the natural umami in soybeans.
Nigari is one of a few options to use as a coagulant when making tofu. Added into soy milk, it reacts with the proteins and causes the milk to curdle over a certain temperature. The soybean curds can then be separated from the liquid and pressed into tofu. This is very similar to the process by which cheese is made from dairy milk!
I use crystallized nigari; simply dissolve it in plain water before adding it to my soy milk. You can also find it in liquid form. You can occasionally find it in Asian markets, but I have had the best luck buying it online.
There are a few other options when it comes to coagulants (detailed in a later section), but nigari is my personal preference both flavor- and texture-wise.
Equipment to Make Tofu from Scratch
- High powered blender. You’ll need this to blend your soaked soybeans into a soy milk. You can pull this off with a regular blender but it may take much longer. Just make sure to blend until the milk is completely smooth and not chunky.
- Two large stockpots. The soy milk is cooked in two phases: once with the pulp in it, and once after straining. If you only have one large stockpot, that’s fine; simply strain the soy milk into a large bowl or pitcher. Rinse the original stockpot out, and pour the milk back into it for the second phase. Make sure the pot has several extra inches of head space, because the soy milk gets very foamy and the foam can rapidly expand and boil over if the fit is too tight. A heavy bottom is also ideal, to prevent the soy milk from sticking to the bottom and scorching.
- Tofu mold. bamboo mold
Homemade Tofu: An Overview of the Procedure
The procedure for making homemade tofu from scratch is a bit time-consuming, but it’s not too complicated. Here’s a brief overview to simplify the process in your mind.
- Soak the dried soy beans.
- Use the soaked beans to make homemade soy milk.
- Cook the raw soy milk, then strain out the soybean pulp.
- Bring the soy milk back up to temperature, then add a coagulant to curdle the soymilk.
- Transfer the soybean curds into a tofu mold and apply pressure to form your block of tofu.
- Firm up the tofu in cool water, then it’s ready to enjoy!
How to Make Homemade Soy Milk for Tofu
If you’ve ever made soy milk from scratch, this is exactly the first step to making homemade tofu! For this purpose, I use a ratio of 1 cup (dried) soybeans to 8 cups total of water.
- Rinse the soybeans and add them to a bowl with enough fresh water to cover them by several inches. Cover and allow them to soak for 8+ hours or overnight. You want them to be tender enough to split in half when gently squeezed.
- Drain the soaked beans and give them another rinse. Then add them to a high powered blender with 3 cups fresh water and blend until completely smooth.
- You will pour the puréed soybeans into a large stock pot or Dutch oven which already has 4 additional cups water at a gentle boil. Getting a head start heating the remaining liquid will speed up the process of cooking the soybeans (which, to be honest, is the most annoying part of this whole recipe — you’ll see why shortly).
- Rinse out the blender with an additional 1 cup water to get every last bit of soybeany goodness into the pot.
- Keep a careful watch over the soy milk as you heat it over medium-high. Stir along the bottom of the pot with a wooden spoon to keep it from sticking.
- **Very important!** The fresh soy milk produces a lot of foam which will start to very rapidly expand as the soy milk approaches boiling. *Do not* leave it unattended or it will boil over (it’s happened to me on more than one occasion when I got sidetracked looking at my phone or doing another task in the kitchen).
- AS SOON as the mixture starts to foam and expand, remove it from the heat. Allow the foam to shrink. In the meantime, place a mesh sieve over another stock pot and line it with cheesecloth or a nut milk bag.
- Pour the soy milk into the lined sieve. Allow it to cool for several minutes. As soon as the mixture is cool enough for you to handle, wring out the soybean pulp as much as possible.
Recipe FAQ
Can I use store-bought soy milk to make homemade tofu?
It is technically possible, but the results vary a lot brand-to-brand since store-bought soy milk tends to contain a lot of different additives like thickeners and gums which interfere with coagulation. If you want to try to make homemade tofu with store-bought milk, I recommend seeking out a brand that has the fewest ingredients possible — ideally just water and soybeans. WESTSOY Organic Unsweetened Plain Soymilk comes to mind (though I have not personally tried it myself).
Can I strain the soy milk prior to boiling, instead?
I have tried making homemade soy milk with several different recipes, all using slightly different methods. In my experience, I have the best results when following the procedure as-written, where the soybean pulp is strained out of the milk after first cooking.
One would think it would be easiest to strain the pulp out right after blending, before cooking at all. However, when I have tried to do this, I’ve found it very difficult to actually get the liquid to pass through the nut milk bag or cheesecloth. I’m not sure about the actual science behind this, but it required a good 10 minutes and a lot of elbow grease to actually “milk” the soybean pulp this way.
For whatever reason, after the first round of cooking the soy milk, the texture changes and it passes very easily through the soy milk. All you have to do is wring the pulp for an extra minute or so to get every last bit.
Another plus of doing things in this order is that the resulting soybean pulp (okara) is cooked rather than raw, so it can more easily be added to recipes like stir fries or patties.
Can I use something other than nigari as a coagulant?
Yes, there are a few different options for coagulants. The one you choose will affect the flavor and texture of your finished product. Nigari is my personal preference when making medium-firm to firm styles of tofu.
Gypsum (calcium sulfate) is another option which tends to be a bit less expensive than nigari. It has a slightly sweeter flavor but it will result in a tofu that is not as firm. I like to use gypsum when making homemade soft or silken tofu.
In a pinch, you can also use 2 tablespoons lemon juice mixed with 1/3 cup water.
Homemade Tofu (How to Make Tofu)
Equipment
- large bowl for soaking
- 2 large stock pots or Dutch ovens
- high powered blender
- fine mesh sieve or colander
- nut milk bag or cheesecloth
- wooden spoon
Ingredients
Homemade Soy Milk
- 1 cup dried soybeans
- 8 cups water divided
Homemade Tofu
- 1/2 cup water
- 1 1/2 teaspoons nigari
Instructions
Soak & Blend Soybeans
- Add dried soybeans to a fine mesh sieve and thoroughly rinse.
- Transfer soybeans to a large bowl and add enough cool water to cover by at least 2-3 inches. Cover and allow to soak at room temperature for 8+ hours, or overnight. The beans should be soft enough to split in half when gently squeezed.
- Drain the beans, give them a good rinse, and add them to a high-powered blender. Add in 3 cups of fresh water and blend until completely smooth.
- In the meantime, bring 4 additional cups of water to a gentle boil in a very large, heavy-bottomed stockpot or Dutch oven.
Cook the Soy Milk
- Pour the blended soybeans into the water that's already begun boiling. Add another 1 cup fresh water into the blender and blend to pick up any soybean remnants. Then pour this into the pot. (You should now have used all 8 cups of water total.)
- Heat the raw soy milk over medium-high heat. Keep a very careful watch and stir regularly with a wooden spoon or rubber spatula. Stir and scrape along the bottom of the pot as soy milk has a tendency to form a film there which can scorch.
- **IMPORTANT** As it approaches boiling, soy milk will start to foam and expand very rapidly. To avoid it bubbling over, make sure you are using a pot with plenty of extra room, and be ready to turn off the heat and/or remove the pot from the burner IMMEDIATELY once it starts to expand. It's at this point that we're ready to move to the next step.
- Take a second stockpot and use either a colander or fine mesh sieve lined with cheesecloth, muslin, or a nut milk bag to strain the soy milk into it. Allow the mixture to cool for several minutes.
- When the mixture is cool enough for you to handle, wring out the soybean pulp to extract as much soy milk as possible. The pulp (also known as okara) can be saved and utilized in a variety of dishes.
- Bring the soy milk back up to a boil, then reduce the heat and simmer for about 10-15 minutes. (Longer removes more of the beany flavor.) The soy milk is now cooked.
Make the Tofu
- Turn the heat off and allow the soy milk to cool for about 5 minutes. (If you have a thermometer, we want it to cool to around 180°F.)
- During this time, prepare your nigari solution. Whisk 1 1/2 teaspoons powdered nigari into water until dissolved.
- Now is also the time to prepare your tofu mold. See the blog post for more details if needed. I like to line a wooden mold with reusable cheesecloth, which I have wet and thoroughly rung out first.
- Pour 1/3 of the nigari solution into the soy milk and gently stir 3-4 times. The mixture should begin to curdle slightly.
- Pour another 1/3 of the nigari on top, gently stir again, and then cover the mixture and set a timer for 2 minutes to let it coagulate.
- Pour the remaining nigari solution on top of the soy milk and gently stir again. You should clearly see the tofu curds separating from the liquid. Avoid over-stirring and breaking up the curds. If it isn't curdling, reheat the mixture over low and after a few minutes you should see the separation occurring.
Shape the Tofu
- Once the curds have formed, we will transfer them to our prepared mold for shaping. It's very helpful to remove some of the excess liquid first. I like to use a fine mesh sieve for this. Use it to press down the soy curds and isolate some of the liquid, which can then be ladled out and discarded. (You can see the images in the blog post or watch the video to see what I mean.)
- After you've removed a few cups of the extra liquid, you can now ladle the soybean curds into your prepared tofu mold. Level out the top gently with a spatula or a spoon, then fold the overhanging cheesecloth neatly over the top and place the top on the mold.
- Next you will weigh the tofu down with a heavy object. I like to use a can of beans or tomatoes for about 30 minutes to yield a medium-firm block of tofu. You can add more weight and time for a firmer tofu, or less for a softer tofu.
- Once the tofu is done pressing, unwrap it from the cheesecloth and transfer it to a bowl of cold water. This will help it to firm up and will also remove any residual bitterness or sourness from the coagulant.
If using liquid Nigari, would you use the same amount…1 1/2 tsp? Thank you! Can’t wait to try this!